Internal Revenue Service United States Department of the Treasury
Level Basic Advanced Military International

Residency Status

Determining Status

Substantial Presence

Nonresident aliens meet the substantial presence test if they have spent more than 183 days in the U.S. To meet the substantial presence test, an alien must be physically present in the U.S. for at least:

  • 31 days in the current tax year, and
  • 183 days during a 3-year period consisting of the current year and the 2 immediately prior tax years, calculated as follows:
    • All days of presence in the current year
    • 1/3 of days of presence in the year immediately before the current year
    • 1/6 of days of presence in the year before that
Caution

Nonresident aliens who are in the U.S. more than 183 (non-exempt) days in the current tax year meet the substantial presence test.

For more information, see Tax Residency Status Examples in Publication 4011.

Collage of a green card and several months from a calendar with years 2023, 2024 and 2025.